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The Bluff, Ypres
The Bluff is a wooded ridge along the Ypres–Comines Canal south-east of Ypres in the Flemish province of West-Vlaanderen in Belgium. It is south of Hill 60 and east of St. Eloi, about halfway in between Voormezele and Hollebeke. The area was merged into Zillebeke in 1970 and into Ypres in 1976.
==History==
In World War I, like other parts of the Ypres Salient, the area known to the British as The Bluff and to the Germans as ドイツ語:''Grosse Bastion'' or ''Kanal Bastion'' was the site of Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces. The Bluff is an artificial hill in the landscape, created by spoil from the Ypres–Comines Canal, which at this point is wide, in a cutting with the spoil on terraces either side. In 1916 the canal passed through the British lines at a right-angle, full of water and the north bank ended in the hill, about high, just inside the British front line. Elevated in an otherwise flat landscape, The Bluff was one of the best vantage points in the Ypres Salient which made it an important military objective. No man's land was about wide close to the canal but tapered and about to the north was about wide, opposite a German salient called The Bean by the British and ドイツ語:''Der Helm'' by the Germans. In the spring of 1915, there was constant underground fighting in the Ypres Salient at Hooge, Hill 60, Railway Wood, Sanctuary Wood, St Eloi and The Bluff which required the deployment of new drafts of tunnellers for several months after the formation of the first eight tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers.〔Peter Barton/Peter Doyle/Johan Vandewalle, Beneath Flanders Fields - The Tunnellers' War 1914-1918, Staplehurst (Spellmount) (978-1862272378) p. 165.〕
The German 27th ''Wurttemburg'' Division captured The Bluff in a local operation in 14 February 1916 and it was recaptured by the 14th (Light) Division on 2 March. In July 1916, the Germans detonated a mine under the ridge but did not capture it. The Bluff continued to be the site of considerable mining and tunnel warfare, carried out on the Allied side by various Tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers. On 11 December 1916 the area was considered safe from German mining, after a prisoner had drawn a map of the German mine workings. The British dug a deep mining system under the German galleries and blew several big camouflets behind the German lines; the German galleries were captured and incorporated into the British shallow gallery system. On 7 June 1917, the Germans were driven back from the area during the Battle of Messines Ridge. The Germans re-took The Bluff during the Spring Offensive of 1918 and it changed hands for the last time on 28 September 1918, after an attack by the 14th (Light) Division.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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